Canada’s climate change efforts have reached a crossroads. Mounting opposition from some provinces to the Trudeau government’s carbon pricing policy has seriously dented any guarantees that the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change will endure. The federal government is facing an uncomfortable but unavoidable choice. Does it impose carbon pricing on recalcitrant provinces in an election year or not? Acting risks a carbon tax backlash by voters. Not acting risks alienating the federal Liberals’ own voting base on a key policy issue.